Pengertian
Direct
dan Indirect Speech adalah materi grammar dalam bahasa Inggris sebagai kalimat
yang menyatakan langsung (Direct Speech) dan perubahannya menjadi kalimat tidak
langsung (Indirect Speech). Untuk merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat
tidak langsung ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan antara lain;
1. Perubahan
Struktur Kalimat (Structure )
2. Perubahan
Tensis (Tenses)
3. Perubahan
Kata ganti orang (Pronoun)
4. Perubahan
Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverb of time and place)
1.
Perubahan Stuktur kalimat
Jika kita lihat pada
kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda
petik (“). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk
membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct
speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut
pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata “that” atau “to” (untuk kalimat
perintah). Misalnya:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said, “I have a present for you in
my bag.“
|
He said that he had a present for me in
his bag.
|
02
|
He asked me, “why do you come late.“
|
He asked me why I came late.
|
03
|
He orderd me, “don’t bring a bag.“
|
He ordered me to didn’t bring a bag.
|
Perubahan struktur
kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka
akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Untuk kalimat direct
speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya “yes-no question” maka akan dirubah
menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
They asked me, “Do you want to join us to play
football?”
|
They asked me if/whether I want to join them to play
football.
|
02
|
He asked me, “Does she want to mary me?”
|
He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her.
|
Untuk kalimat direct
speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How), maka
akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai berikut:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He asked me, “why do you come late?”
|
He asked me why you came late.
|
02
|
He asked me, “what does she eat?”
|
He asked me what she ate.
|
03
|
He asked me, “when did you come?”
|
He asked me when I came.
|
04
|
He asked me, “who are you?”
|
He asked me who I was.
|
05
|
He asked me, “who is she?”
|
He asked me who she was.
|
2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)
Seperti yang
dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis
yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk
itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini adalah
tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
Simple Present
|
Simple Past
|
02
|
Present Continuous
|
Past Continuous
|
03
|
Present Future
|
Past Future
|
04
|
Present Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
05
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
06
|
Simple Past
|
Past Perfect
|
07
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
V1 (eat)
|
V2 (ate)
|
02
|
V2 (ate)
|
Had + V3 (had eaten)
|
03
|
Am/is/are
|
Was/were
|
04
|
Do/does
|
Did
|
05
|
Do/does not
|
Did not
|
06
|
Did not
|
Had not + V3
|
07
|
Was/were
|
Had been
|
08
|
Am/is/are + V-ing
|
Was/were + V-ing
|
09
|
Was/were +V-ing
|
Had been + V-ing
|
10
|
Has/have + V3
|
Had + V3
|
11
|
Will/shall/can/may/must
|
Would/should/could/might/had to
|
12
|
Could/might/should/would + V1/be
|
Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been
|
3.
Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan
possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech
(kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect
speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
·
Kata ganti orang
pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai
subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said, ‘I am busy.’
|
He said that he was busy.
|
02
|
She said, ‘I am unwell.’
|
She said that she was unwell.
|
03
|
I said, ‘I will be late.’
|
I said that I would be late.
|
04
|
They said, ‘We will not permit this.’
|
They said that they would not permit that.
|
05
|
We said, ‘We need to buy some clothes.’
|
We said that we needed to buy some clothes.
|
·
Kata ganti orang kedua
(You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada
reported speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said to me, ‘You have to come with me.’
|
He told me that I had to go with him.
|
02
|
She said to me, ‘You can go.’
|
She told me that I could go.
|
03
|
She said to him, ‘You can go.’
|
She told him that he could go.
|
·
Kata ganti orang
ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak
mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
He said, ‘She is a good girl.’
|
He said that she was a good girl.
|
02
|
She said, ‘They have invited us.’
|
She said that they had invited them.
|
03
|
They said, ‘He does not have the necessary qualifications.’
|
They said that he did not have the necessary
qualifications.
|
4.
Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)
Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.
No
|
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
01
|
Now
|
Then
|
02
|
To day
|
That day
|
03
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day
The day after The following day A day later |
04
|
Next …
|
The … after
The following … |
05
|
Last …
|
The … before
The Previous … |
06
|
… ago
|
… before
… earlier |
07
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
The previous day The preceeding day |
08
|
The day before yesterday
|
Two day before
|
09
|
Here
|
There
|
10
|
This
|
That
|
11
|
These
|
Those
|
Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh kalimat direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
|
(+)
|
He said, “I have a present for you in my
bag. here”
|
He said that he had a present for me in
his bag there.
|
(-)
|
He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag”
|
He said that he did not have a present for me in his
bag.
|
(?)
|
He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?”
|
He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in
his bag.
|
(?)
|
He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you
in my bag?
|
He asked me why he had to have a present
for me in his bag.
|
(!)
|
He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag
here now!”
|
He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag
there then.
|
(!)
|
He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag
here!”
|
He ordered me not to bring my bag there.
|
(!)
|
Don’t go anywhere!
|
Not to go anywhere.
|
(-)
|
“I can’t see your performance” Liz said
to Anne that.
|
She couldn’t see her performance.
|
(+)
|
“I visited my sister in lampung” Reza
said that.
|
He had visited his sister in lampung.
|
(!)
|
“Stop shouting at me” Nia said that.
|
She said that to stop shouting at her.
|
SOAL REPORTED SPEECH
1.
Go and Hurry!
A. To go and hurry!
B. To go and to hurry!
C.
Not to go and hurry!
D.
Not to go and not to hurry!
2.
“I went to the south chile”
Nurul said that.
A. She had go to the south chile.
B. She have gone to the south
chile.
C. She had gone to the south
chile.
D. She has gone to the south
chile.
3.
“Leave me alone!” Tiara said.
A. Tiara said that to leave me
alone.
B. Tiara said that to leave him
alone
C. Tiara said that not to leave
her alone.
D.Tiara said that to leave her
alone.
4.
“Listen to me” chelsea told me.
A. She told me to listen her.
B. She told me not to listen her.
C. She told me to listen to her.
D. She told me to listen me.
5.
“Can you call me?” firman asked
me.
Firman
asked me......
A. if i should call him
B. if i would call him
C. if i couldn’t call him
D. if i could call him
6. “You
mustn’t forget what I told you.”
She told me ………..
A. that I hadn’t to forget what she had told me
B. that I didn’t have to forget what I had told her.
C. that I mustn’t have forgotten what I told you.
D. that I didn’t have to forget what she had told me
E. that I was not to forget what she had told me.sing so loudly
She told me ………..
A. that I hadn’t to forget what she had told me
B. that I didn’t have to forget what I had told her.
C. that I mustn’t have forgotten what I told you.
D. that I didn’t have to forget what she had told me
E. that I was not to forget what she had told me.sing so loudly
7. Tony
said to me: “Why does she sing so loudly?”
A. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly
B. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly.
C. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly
D. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly
E. Tony asked me why she did sing so loudly
A. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly
B. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly.
C. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly
D. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly
E. Tony asked me why she did sing so loudly
8. “How
many pieces of bread can you eat?” She said
A. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat
B. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat
C. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread
D. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat
E. She asked me how many pieces of bread I can eat
A. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat
B. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat
C. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread
D. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat
E. She asked me how many pieces of bread I can eat
9. “Where did you go four days ago?” John
asked.
Tony asked …….
A. where did I go four days ago
B. where I did go four days ago
C. Where I had gone four days before
D. where I had gone four days ago.
E. where I went four days before
Tony asked …….
A. where did I go four days ago
B. where I did go four days ago
C. Where I had gone four days before
D. where I had gone four days ago.
E. where I went four days before
10. “Did you have an assignment last
month? Father asked me
Father asked me ……
A. did I have an assignment last month
B. I did have an assignment last month
C. if I had had an assignment the month before
D. if I did have an assignment the month before
E. if I had had an assignment the month before
A. did I have an assignment last month
B. I did have an assignment last month
C. if I had had an assignment the month before
D. if I did have an assignment the month before
E. if I had had an assignment the month before
Sumber : http://yanwariyanidwi.wordpress.com/2013/06/07/reported-speech/
